An Analysis of Functional Groups and Potential Values of Herbaceous Species of Grasslands in West Timor, Indonesia

This study was to determine the composition of plant functional groups and the potential value of herbaceous species present in grassland communities of West Timor. Ten stations in grassland of Kupang West Timor (Penfui, Alak, Bakunase, Tode, Mulafa, Oesapa, Tanah Merah, Tilong, Bukit Cinta, and Naketuka) were selected and at each stations, 15 plots 1 m x 1 m (∑150) were randomly place. In each plot, all herbaceous presents were recorded. Each plant was further classified into four functional groups, whether grasses, sedges, legumes, or forbs. Plants were also grouped based on their potential whether they were food plants, medicinal plants, ornamental plants, forage plants, or poisonous plants. For each species present, the number of individuals, dominance, frequency, and Importance Value Index (IVI) were calculated. From 150 plots, there were 134 herb species from 32 families. Of these species, grass (Poaceae) was 26 (19.40%) species (IVI 25.24%) while non-grass was 108 (80.60%) species (IVI 74.76%). Grasslands were dominated by non-grass species. Based on the IVI, plants were dominated by Euphorbia hirta L. (IVI 13.93%), Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. (IVI 12.46&), Cyperus rotundus L. (IVI 11.72%), Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler (IVI 11.12%), Senna tora (L.) Roxb. (IVI 9.54%), Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze (IVI 9.35%), and Tridax procumbens L. (IVI 9.17%). Of the 134 species, the forbs was 77 (57.46%) species (IVI 54.75%), grass 26 (19.40%) species (IVI 26.25%), legumes 20 (14.93%) species ( IVI 12.41%), and sedges 10 (7.461%) species (IVI 6.09%). Grasslands were dominated by forbs based on the number of species and IVI. Of the existing species, 43 (31.34%) were food plants (IVI 34.62%); 77 (67.46%) were medicinal plants (IVI 61.97%); 14 (10.45%) were ornamental plants (IVI 11.45%), 23 (17.16%) were forage plants (IVI 25.14%), and 5 (3.73%) were poisonous plants (IVI 2.31%). The grassland was dominated by food plants and medicinal plants. Although the herbaceous in the grasslands of West Timor were generally seen as weeds, the potential of grassland to provide medicinal, food, ornamental plants, and fodder was quite large. Nearly 70% of the species were potential for medicinal, almost 50% were potential for food, and more than 10% were potential for ornamental plants. It is necessary to further explore the economic potential of these grasslands. The high dominance of forbs compared to grasses and legumes may be an indication that this grassland has been severely invaded by weeds and has experienced disturbances. The composition of grassland vegetation, in general was less than ideal as a grazing area. Efforts were needed to improve the legume, suppressing weed invasion and poisonous plants, and human interference in the area must also be reduced. Keywords: grasslands, herbs, Importance Value Index, food plant, medicinal plants DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/13-14-04 Publication date:August 31st 202

ESTIMASI RADIUS DEFORMASI UPWELLING DARI DATA SATELIT DAN ARGO FLOAT

Upwelling adalah proses naiknya massa air laut dari lapisan bawah ke permukaan akibat perbedaan tekanan permukaan. Terjadi proses upwelling akan meningkatkan kesuburan perairan karena massa air di lapisan dalam naik ke permukaan yang kaya nutrisi yang dibutuhkan fitoplankton untuk berkembang. Luas sebaran daerah upwelling (radius deformasi) akan menentukan dampak proses upwelling di perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis proses upwelling dan radius deformasi dari data satelit sensor termal. Data yang digunakan adalah data satelit termal harian dan rata-rata bulanan selama tahun 2014-2018. Data dari buoy Argo digunakan untuk memvalidasi data satelit dan menghitung radius deformasi upwelling. Analisis statistik seperti korelasi, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), bias, dan standar deviasi digunakan untuk menguji keakuratan perkiraan data Suhu Permukaan Laut (SPL) dari satelit. Data perhitungan radius deformasi dari Argo menunjukkan bahwa pada musim timur terjadi upwelling, SPL berkisaran antara 24-26ºC, normalnya berkisaran antara 27-29ºC. Korelasi antara SPL dari data satelit dan data SPL dari Argo adalah 0,92, nilai RMSE 0,0236, bias 0,017, dan standar deviasi 0,287. Koefisien korelasi antara radius deformasi dari data in situ dan data satelit yang dihitung tinggi (r=0,9) menunjukkan bahwa citra satelit dapat digunakan untuk menentukan radius deformasi.Upwelling is the process of seawater mass rising from the lower layers to the surface due to surface pressure differences. The upwelling process will increase the fertility of the waters because the water mass in the deep layer rises to the surface which is rich in nutrients needed by phytoplankton to grow. The extent of the upwelling area (deformation radius) will determine the impact of the upwelling process in the waters. This research aims to analyze the upwelling process and deformation radius from thermal sensor satellite data. The data used were daily thermal satellite data and monthly averages during 2014-2018. Data from the Argo buoy was used to validate the satellite data and calculate the upwelling deformation radius. Statistical analyses such as correlation, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), bias, and standard deviation were applied to test the accuracy of the satellite estimation of the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) data. Deformation radius calculation data from Argo showed that in the eastern season of upwelling, the SST ranged between 24 to 26ºC, otherwise normally it ranged between 27 to 29ºC. The correlation between SPL from satellite data and SPL data from Argo is 0.92, the RMSE value was 0.0236, the bias was 0.017, and the standard deviation was 0.287. The correlation coefficient between the deformation radius from in situ data and satellite data was calculated to be high (r=0.9), indicating that satellite imagery can be used to determine the deformation radius

Prediksi Dampak Lingkungan Pengelolaan Sampah di TPA Jabon, Kabupaten Sidoarjo

Tingginya jumlah penduduk Kabupaten Sidoarjo berbanding lurus dengan jumlah timbulan sampah yang dihasilkan individu maupun fasilitas umum. Namun, pelayanan pengelolaan sampah hanya sebesar 35% dari total keseluruhan. Tempat Pemrosesan Akhir (TPA) Jabon merupakan satu-satunya TPA yang aktif di Kabupaten Sidoarjo dengan sistem controlled landfill sebagai metode panimbunan sampahnya. Lahan landfill akan diperkirakan penuh akhir tahun 2017 sehingga TPA Jabon sedang dalam proses peluasan lahan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan skenario pengelolaan sampah di TPA yang menghasilkan dampak lingkungan paling kecil terhadap lingkungan. Metode analisis menggunakan Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) dengan menggunakan software SimaPro v.8.3 dan menggunakan metode Environmental Product Declaration (EPD). Jumlah timbulan sampah yang masuk ke TPA dihitung dengan metode load count analysis, karakteristik fisik dengan analisis proximat, analisis kimia sampah dengan analisis ultimat serta data penduduk Kabupaten Sidoarjo digunakan untuk proyeksi penduduk tahun 2027. Penelitian ini menggunakan 4 skenario pengelolaan sampah di TPA yakni skenario 0 (controlled landfill), skenario 1 (daur ulang, pengomposan, dan insinerasi), skenario 2 (daur ulang, pengomposan, dan sanitary landfill) dan skenario 3 (daur ulang, pengomposan, insinerasi, dan sanitary landfill). Hasil analisis dampak lingkungan menunjukkan bahwa skenario 2 merupakan skenario pengelolaan sampah yang tepat untuk TPA Jabon

PROTOTYPE OF NATIONAL DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL IN INDONESIA

Although medium scale mapping has been done for the entire territory of Indonesia, there has never been a DEM unification to produce seamless national DEM. The main problem to generate national DEM is multi-data-sources. Each of them has their own specification, so unification of data becomes not easy to do. This research aims to generate global DEM database in Indonesia. Because its coverage covers only one country, it is called National DEM. This study will be focused on the northern part of Sumatra island, precisely in the boundaries between Aceh and North Sumatra province. The principle method in this study was to rebuild DEM data by considering the height difference between ground elevation from masspoints and surface elevation from DSM. By setting up a certain threshold value, the filtering process was then performed. The output was generated by gridding process. Validation in this research was done by two methods: visual inspection dan statistical analysis. From visual inspection, the National DEM data becomes smoother than the input data, the reality of the data is maintained, and still shows the landscape of the DSM input. From statistical analysis, compared with 142 GCPs, it is obtained that Root Mean Square Error is 2.237 m, and vertical accuracy based on Indonesian Mapping Accuracy Standard is 3.679 m. The result is good for medium scale base map and, based on the standards in Indonesia, the data can be used for 1 : 25,000 scale mapping

Keragaan Beberapa Varietas Kedelai (Glycine max L. Merrill) Dengan Pemberian BAP, GA3 Dan Tergenang : Characteristics of several varieties of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) giving BAP, GA3 and flooded

This research aim to know the characteristic of some varieties of soybean giving BAP, GA3 and flooded. The research was conducted at Land Faculty of Agriculture, University of North Sumatra, Medan, Indonesia with altitude ± 25 meters in April 2017 until August 2017 using a randomized block design (RBD) with three factors, i. e : varieties (Grobogan, Argomulyo and Demas 1),hormone BAP and GA3 (0 ppm, BAP 30 ppm + GA3 100 ppm, BAP 60 ppm + GA3 200 ppm, and flooding (control and waterlogged. The parameters observed were plant height, leaf number, root volume, number of plants pods and number of seeds of crop. The results showed that varieties significantly affect plant height 2, 3, 5 week after planting, leaf number 3, 4 week after planting, root volume, number of plant pods and number of seeds of crop. plant growth regulator treatment significantly affected plant height 2, 3, 4 week after planting, and root volume. Flooding significantly affectted number of plants pods and number of seeds of crop. Interaction varieties and hormone significantly affected plant height 2, 3 week after planting, leaf number 4 week after planting and root volume. Interaction varieties and flooding significantly affect root volume. Interaction between varieties, plant growth regulator and flooding significantly affect the root volume.   Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karaketristik beberapa varietas kedelai dengan pemberian BAP, GA3 dan tergenang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Lahan Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia dengan ketinggian tempat ± 25 meter di atas permukaan laut pada bulan April 2017 hingga bulan Juli 2017 menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan menggunakan tiga faktor perlakuan yaitu : varietas (Grobogan, Argomulyo dan Demas 1),ZPT (kontrol, BAP 30 ppm + GA3 100 ppm, BAP 60 ppm + GA3 200 ppm) dan genangan (kontrol dan tergenang). Parameter yang diamati adalah tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun,volume akar,jumlah polong pertanaman, jumlah biji pertanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa varietas berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman 2, 3, 5 MST, jumlah daun 3, 4 MST, volume akar, jumlah polong pertanaman, jumlah biji pertanaman. Perlakuan ZPT berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman 2, 3, 4 MST. Perlakuan genangan berpengaruh nyata terhadap volume akar, jumlah polong pertanaman dan jumlah biji pertanaman. Interaksi varietas dan zpt berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman 2, 3 MST dan jumlah daun 4 MST. Interaksi antara varietas dan genangan berpengaruh nyata terhadap volume akar. Interaksi anatara varietas, ZPT dan genangan berpengaruh nyata terhadap volume akar. Interaksi varietas dan GA3 berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman 3 MST.Interaksi antara varietas, genangan dan GA3 berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah daun 5 MST

Interleukin-1 genetic polymorphisms in knee osteoarthritis: What do we know? A meta-analysis and systematic review

Purpose Interleukin-1 is the main proinflammatory cytokine in osteoarthritis (OA). Several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the IL-1 gene cluster (IL-1 beta, IL-1R1, and IL-1RN) have been determined, but their associations with knee OA remain poorly understood. The present study aimed to identify the associations between IL-1 SNPs and knee osteoarthritis. Methods This meta-analysis and systematic review included all comparative studies published in the MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases. We performed a systematic search to identify relevant studies on the evaluation of the correlation between the IL-1 gene and knee OA published up to February 2020 that met the eligibility criteria. Nine studies on a total of 2256 knees with OA and 3527 healthy knees met the eligibility criteria. Results associated with IL-1A, IL-1B, IL-1R1, and IL-1RN SNPs were extracted and compared between knees with OA and healthy knees. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS). All studies with fair or good quality were included. Results The meta-analysis showed that the risk of knee OA is decreased by the IL-1RN*1 and IL-1RN*1/*1 genotypes and increased by the IL-1RN*2 and I-L1RN*1/*2 genotypes. The systematic review revealed only two studies associating the IL-1RN allele, none associating the IL-1B polymorphism, and only one study associating IL-1A and IL-1R1 polymorphisms with knee OA. Conclusions Several IL-1RN alleles and genotypes play a role in knee OA but other genetic variations in the IL-1 region were still conflicting in its association with knee OA.Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Rehabilitatio

Does circumferential patellar denervation result in decreased knee pain and improved patient-reported outcomes in patients undergoing nonresurfaced, simultaneous bilateral TKA?

Background Anterior knee pain, which has a prevalence of 4% to 49% after TKA, may be a cause of patient dissatisfaction after TKA. To limit the occurrence of anterior knee pain, patellar denervation with electrocautery has been proposed. However, studies have disagreed as to the efficacy of this procedure. Questions/purposes We evaluated patients undergoing bilateral, simultaneous TKA procedures without patellar resurfacing to ask: (1) Does circumferential patellar cauterization decrease anterior knee pain (Kujala score) postoperatively compared with non-cauterization of the patella? (2) Does circumferential patellar cauterization result in better functional outcomes based on patient report (VAS score, Oxford knee score, and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score) than non-cauterization of the patella? (3) Is there any difference in the complication rate (infection, patellar maltracking, fracture, venous thromboembolism, or reoperation rate) between cauterized patellae and non-cauterized patellae? Methods Seventy-eight patients (156 knees) were included in this prospective, quasi-randomized study, with each patient serving as his or her own control. Patellar cauterization was always performed on the right knee during simultaneous, bilateral TKA. Five patients (6%) were lost to follow-up before the 2-year minimum follow-up interval. A single surgeon performed all TKAs using the same type of implant, and osteophyte excision was performed in all patellae, which were left unresurfaced. Patellar cauterization was performed at 2 mm to 3 mm deep and approximately 5 mm circumferentially away from the patellar rim. The preoperative femorotibial angle and degree of osteoarthritis (according to the Kellgren-Lawrence grading system) were measured. Restoration of the patellofemoral joint was assessed using the anterior condylar ratio. Clinical outcomes, consisting of clinician-reported outcomes (ROM and Kujala score) and patient-reported outcomes (VAS pain score, Oxford knee score, and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score), were evaluated preoperatively and at 1 month and 2 years postoperatively. Preoperatively, the radiologic severity of osteoarthritis, based on the Kellgren-Lawrence classification, was not different between the two groups, nor were the baseline pain and knee scores. The mean femorotibial angle of the two groups was also comparable: 189 degrees +/- 4.9 degrees and 191 degrees +/- 6.3 degrees preoperatively (p = 0.051) and 177 degrees +/- 2.9 degrees and 178 degrees +/- 2.1 degrees postoperatively (p = 0.751) for cauterized and non-cauterized knees, respectively. The preoperative (0.3 +/- 0.06 versus 0.3 +/- 0.07; p = 0.744) and postoperative (0.3 +/- 0.06 versus 0.2 +/- 0.07; p = 0.192) anterior condylar ratios were also not different between the cauterized and non-cauterized groups. Results At the 2-year follow-up interval, no difference was observed in the mean Kujala score (82 +/- 2.9 and 83 +/- 2.6 for cauterized and non-cauterized knees, respectively; mean difference 0.3; 95% confidence interval, -0.599 to 1.202; p = 0.509). The mean VAS pain score was 3 +/- 0.9 in the cauterized knee and 3 +/- 0.7 in the non-cauterized knee (p = 0.920). The mean ROM was 123 degrees +/- 10.8 degrees in the cauterized knee and 123 degrees +/- 10.2 degrees in the non-cauterized knee (p = 0.783). There was no difference between cauterized and non-cauterized patellae in the mean Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for symptoms (86 +/- 4.5 versus 86 +/- 3.9; p = 0.884), pain (86 +/- 3.8 versus 86 +/- 3.6; p = 0.905), activities (83 +/- 3.2 versus 83 +/- 2.8; p = 0.967), sports (42 +/- 11.3 versus 43 +/- 11.4; p = 0.942), and quality of life (83 +/- 4.9 versus 83 +/- 4.7; p = 0.916), as well as in the Oxford knee score (40 +/- 2.1 versus 41 +/- 1.9; p = 0.771). Complications were uncommon and there were no differences between the groups (one deep venous thromboembolism in the cauterized group and two in the control group; odds ratio 0.49, 95% CI, 0.04-5.56; p = 0.57). Conclusions Patellar cauterization results in no difference in anterior knee pain, functional outcomes, and complication rates compared with non-cauterization of the patella in patients who undergo non-resurfaced, simultaneous, bilateral, primary TKA with a minimum of 2 years of follow-up. We do not recommend circumferential patellar cauterization in non-resurfaced patellae in patients who undergo TKA.Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Rehabilitatio

Does Accelerometer-based Navigation Have Any Clinical Benefit Compared with Conventional TKA? A Systematic Review

Background Accelerometer-based navigation is a handheld navigation tool that was introduced to offer a simpler technique compared with more-cumbersome computer-assisted surgery (CAS). Considering the increasing number of adopters, it seems important to evaluate the potential clinical benefits of this technology compared with conventional TKA.Questions/purposes In this systematic review, we asked: (1) Is accelerometer-based navigation more accurate than conventional TKA? (2) Does accelerometer-based navigation provide better functional outcome than conventional TKA? (3) Does accelerometer-based navigation increase surgical time or decrease the risk of complications or reoperations compared with conventional TKA?Methods This systematic review included all comparative prospective and retrospective studies published in the MEDLINE/PubMed and Cochrane libraries over the last 10 years. Inclusion criteria were all studies in English that compared accelerometer-based navigation with conventional TKA. Eleven studies met these criteria with 621 knees in accelerometer-based navigation group and 677 knees in conventional TKA group. Results related to alignment, objective and subjective functional scores, duration of surgery, complications and reoperations were extracted and compared between accelerometer-based-navigation and conventional TKA. Methodological quality was assessed using Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) tool (for nonrandomized control trials) and Cochrane Risk of Bias (for randomized control trials (RCTs). All studies with fair or better quality were included. Four RCTs and six nonrandomized studies comparing accelerometer-based navigation to conventional TKA were found.Results Inconsistent evidence on mechanical axis alignment was found, with five of nine studies slightly favoring the accelerometer-based navigation group, and the other four showing no differences between the groups. Only two of eight studies favored accelerometer-based navigation in terms of tibial component alignment in the coronal plane; the other six found no between-group differences. Similarly, mixed results were found regarding other metrics related to component alignment; a minority of studies favored accelerometer-based navigation by a smallmargin, and most studies found no between-group differences. Only three studies evaluated functional outcome and none of them showed a difference in range of motion or patient-reported outcomes. Most studies, six of seven, found no between-group differences concerning surgical time; one study demonstrated a slight increase in time with accelerometer-based navigation. There were no between-group differences in terms of the risk of complications, which generally were uncommon in both groups, and no reoperations or revisions were reported in either group.Conclusions We found conflicting evidence about whether accelerometer-based navigation reduces the number of coronal-plane outliers or improves alignment to a clinically important degree, and we found no evidence that it improves patient-reported outcomes or reduces the risk of complications or reoperations. Accelerometer-based navigation may increase surgical time. The overall quality of the evidencewas low, which suggested that any observed benefits were over-estimated. Given the absence of higher-quality evidence demonstrating compelling benefits of this accelerometer-based navigation technology, it should not bewidely adopted.Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Rehabilitatio

Mismatched knee implants in Indonesian and Dutch patients: a need for increasing the size

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the anthropometric differences between knees of Indonesian Asians and Dutch Caucasians and the fit of nine different knee implant systems. Methods A total of 268 anteroposterior (AP) and lateral knee preoperative radiographs from 134 consecutive patients scheduled for total knee arthroplasty at two different centres in Jakarta and Leiden were included. Both patient groups were matched according to age and sex and included 67 Asians and 67 Caucasians. We assessed the radiographic differences between the Asian and Caucasian anthropometric data. The dimensions of the nine knee implant designs (Vanguard, Genesis II, Persona Standard, Persona Narrow, GK Sphere, Gemini, Attune Standard, Attune Narrow, and Sigma PFC) were compared with the patients' anthropometric (distal femur and proximal tibia) measurements. Results The Dutch Caucasian patients had larger mediolateral (ML) and AP femoral and tibial dimensions than the Indonesian Asians. The aspect ratios of the distal femur and tibia were larger in Asians than in Caucasians. The AP and ML dimensions were mismatched between the tibial components of the nine knee systems and the Asian anthropometric data. Both groups had larger ML distal femoral dimensions than the knee systems. Conclusion Absolute and relative differences in knee dimensions exist not only between Asian and Caucasian knees but also within both groups. Not all TKA systems had a good fit with the Asian and Caucasian knee phenotypes. An increase in the range of available knee component sizes would be beneficial, although TKA remains an adequate compromise.Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Rehabilitatio

Gambaran Darah Anjing Yang Diinjeksi Xilasin-Ketamin Secara Subkutan (DESCRIPTION BLOOD OF DOG XYLAZINE-KETAMINE INJECTED SUBCUTANEOUSLY)

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh injeksi berulang xilasin-ketamin melalui sub kutan terhadap total eritrosit, kadar hemoglobin dan hematokrit anjing lokal. Sebanyak 24 ekor anjing lokal umur 1-2 tahun berat badan 10-15 kg sebagai hewan coba. Anjing dikelompokkan  menjadi tiga. Kelompok pertama sebagai kontrol, sedangkan kelompok kedua diinjeksi kombinasi xilasin-ketamin dengan dosis dua dan 10 mg/kg bb dan kelompok ketiga diinjeksi dengan dosis xilasin (2 mg/kg bb) dan ketamin dosis (10 mg/kg bb) secara sub kutan. Darah diambil sebelum anestesi dan sesudah masa pemulihan anestesi melalui vena femoralis. Pemeriksaan eritrosit dengan Neubauer, pemeriksaan kadar hemoglobin dengan metode Sahli dan pemeriksaan hematokrit dengan metode Microhematocrit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terjadi perbedaan yang nyata terhadap total eritrosit, kadar hemoglobin dan hematokrit pada perlakuan injeksi berulang xilasin-ketamin yang dikombinasi ataupun dipisah dengan kelompok kontrol. Dari hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa injeksi berulang xilasin-ketamin dengan dosis xilasin (2 mg/kg bb) dan ketamin (10 mg/kg bb) spesifikasinya aman terhadap total eritrosit, kadar hemoglobin dan hematokrit dan baik digunakan sebagai anestesi pada anjing